动机:近年来,基于形象的生物测定稳步成为高吞吐量,引发了快速自动化方法,以提取来自数百种图像的生物学有意义的信息。从想象成的成功取得灵感,我们驯服细胞造就花,一个公开源和弱标记的显微镜图像的大规模数据集(890K图像,894级)。预先训练的细胞造黄养箱产生了对上游显微镜分类任务的想象成特征具有竞争力的功能。我们展示了CytoImAgenet的证据表明,CytoImAgenet在想象中训练有素的功能中捕获信息不可用。数据集是在https://www.kaggle.com/stanleyhua/cyaagenet中提供的。
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基于采样的推理技术是现代宇宙学数据分析的核心;然而,这些方法与维度不良,通常需要近似或顽固的可能性。在本文中,我们描述了截短的边际神经比率估计(TMNRE)(即所谓的基于模拟的推断的新方法)自然避免了这些问题,提高了$(i)$效率,$(ii)$可扩展性和$ (iii)推断后的后续后续的可信度。使用宇宙微波背景(CMB)的测量,我们表明TMNRE可以使用比传统马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)方法更少模拟器呼叫的数量级来实现融合的后海后。值得注意的是,所需数量的样本有效地独立于滋扰参数的数量。此外,称为\ MEMPH {本地摊销}的属性允许对基于采样的方法无法访问的严格统计一致性检查的性能。 TMNRE承诺成为宇宙学数据分析的强大工具,特别是在扩展宇宙学的背景下,其中传统的基于采样的推理方法所需的时间级数融合可以大大超过$ \ Lambda $ CDM等简单宇宙学模型的时间。为了执行这些计算,我们使用开源代码\ texttt {swyft}来使用TMNRE的实现。
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我们研究了复杂几何物体的机器人堆叠问题。我们提出了一个挑战和多样化的这些物体,这些物体被精心设计,以便要求超出简单的“拾取”解决方案之外的策略。我们的方法是加强学习(RL)方法与基于视觉的互动政策蒸馏和模拟到现实转移相结合。我们的学习政策可以有效地处理现实世界中的多个对象组合,并展示各种各样的堆叠技能。在一个大型的实验研究中,我们调查在模拟中学习这种基于视觉的基于视觉的代理的选择,以及对真实机器人的最佳转移产生了什么影响。然后,我们利用这些策略收集的数据并通过离线RL改善它们。我们工作的视频和博客文章作为补充材料提供。
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By transferring knowledge from large, diverse, task-agnostic datasets, modern machine learning models can solve specific downstream tasks either zero-shot or with small task-specific datasets to a high level of performance. While this capability has been demonstrated in other fields such as computer vision, natural language processing or speech recognition, it remains to be shown in robotics, where the generalization capabilities of the models are particularly critical due to the difficulty of collecting real-world robotic data. We argue that one of the keys to the success of such general robotic models lies with open-ended task-agnostic training, combined with high-capacity architectures that can absorb all of the diverse, robotic data. In this paper, we present a model class, dubbed Robotics Transformer, that exhibits promising scalable model properties. We verify our conclusions in a study of different model classes and their ability to generalize as a function of the data size, model size, and data diversity based on a large-scale data collection on real robots performing real-world tasks. The project's website and videos can be found at robotics-transformer.github.io
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Evaluating neural network performance is critical to deep neural network design but a costly procedure. Neural predictors provide an efficient solution by treating architectures as samples and learning to estimate their performance on a given task. However, existing predictors are task-dependent, predominantly estimating neural network performance on image classification benchmarks. They are also search-space dependent; each predictor is designed to make predictions for a specific architecture search space with predefined topologies and set of operations. In this paper, we propose a novel All-in-One Predictor (AIO-P), which aims to pretrain neural predictors on architecture examples from multiple, separate computer vision (CV) task domains and multiple architecture spaces, and then transfer to unseen downstream CV tasks or neural architectures. We describe our proposed techniques for general graph representation, efficient predictor pretraining and knowledge infusion techniques, as well as methods to transfer to downstream tasks/spaces. Extensive experimental results show that AIO-P can achieve Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Spearman's Rank Correlation (SRCC) below 1% and above 0.5, respectively, on a breadth of target downstream CV tasks with or without fine-tuning, outperforming a number of baselines. Moreover, AIO-P can directly transfer to new architectures not seen during training, accurately rank them and serve as an effective performance estimator when paired with an algorithm designed to preserve performance while reducing FLOPs.
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Predicting neural architecture performance is a challenging task and is crucial to neural architecture design and search. Existing approaches either rely on neural performance predictors which are limited to modeling architectures in a predefined design space involving specific sets of operators and connection rules, and cannot generalize to unseen architectures, or resort to zero-cost proxies which are not always accurate. In this paper, we propose GENNAPE, a Generalized Neural Architecture Performance Estimator, which is pretrained on open neural architecture benchmarks, and aims to generalize to completely unseen architectures through combined innovations in network representation, contrastive pretraining, and fuzzy clustering-based predictor ensemble. Specifically, GENNAPE represents a given neural network as a Computation Graph (CG) of atomic operations which can model an arbitrary architecture. It first learns a graph encoder via Contrastive Learning to encourage network separation by topological features, and then trains multiple predictor heads, which are soft-aggregated according to the fuzzy membership of a neural network. Experiments show that GENNAPE pretrained on NAS-Bench-101 can achieve superior transferability to 5 different public neural network benchmarks, including NAS-Bench-201, NAS-Bench-301, MobileNet and ResNet families under no or minimum fine-tuning. We further introduce 3 challenging newly labelled neural network benchmarks: HiAML, Inception and Two-Path, which can concentrate in narrow accuracy ranges. Extensive experiments show that GENNAPE can correctly discern high-performance architectures in these families. Finally, when paired with a search algorithm, GENNAPE can find architectures that improve accuracy while reducing FLOPs on three families.
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ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列,该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战,这是由于探测器的几何形状,不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收,并且低于100 GEV的光,每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战,可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形,并将图形神经网络(GNN)作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开,对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类,并重建沉积的能量,方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真,我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术,包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类,与当前的IceCube方法相比,GNN以固定的假阳性速率(FPR)提高了信号效率的18%。另外,GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8(低于半百分比)。对于能源,方向和相互作用顶点的重建,与当前最大似然技术相比,分辨率平均提高了13%-20%。当在GPU上运行时,GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件,这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。
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新兴的六代(6G)是异质无线网络的集成,它们可以在任何地方和任何时间网络中无缝支持。但是,6G应提供高质量的信任,以满足移动用户的期望。人工智能(AI)被认为是6G中最重要的组成部分之一。然后,基于AI的信任管理是提供可信赖和可靠的服务的有希望的范式。在本文中,为6G无线网络提供了一种生成的对抗性学习信任管理方法。首先审查了一些基于AI的典型信任管理方案,然后引入了潜在的异质和智能6G架构。接下来,开发了AI和信任管理的集成以优化情报和安全性。最后,提出的基于AI的信任管理方法用于确保聚类以实现可靠和实时的通信。仿真结果表明了其在保证网络安全和服务质量方面的出色性能。
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由于独特的特征和约束,可信赖和可靠的数据传输是无线传感器网络(WSN)的一项艰巨任务。为了获取安全的数据传输并解决安全性和能源之间的冲突,在本文中,我们提出了一种基于进化游戏的安全聚类协议,具有模糊信任评估和WSN的离群检测。首先,提出了一种模糊的信任评估方法,以将传输证据转化为信任价值,同时有效地减轻了信任的不确定性。然后,提出了基于K-均值的离群检测方案,以进一步分析通过模糊信任评估或信任建议获得的大量信任值。它可以发现传感器节点之间的共同点和差异,同时提高异常检测的准确性。最后,我们提出了一种基于进化游戏的安全群集协议,以在选举群集头时进行安全保证和节能节能节省之间的权衡。失败的传感器节点可以通过隔离可疑节点来安全地选择自己的头部。仿真结果验证了我们的安全聚类协议可以有效地捍卫网络免受内部自私或折衷节点的攻击。相应地,及时的数据传输速率可以显着提高。
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安全是工业无线传感器网络(IWSN)的主要问题之一。为了确保群集IWSN中的安全性,本文通过模糊信任评估和离群值检测(SCFTO)提出了一个安全的聚类协议(SCFTO)。首先,为了处理开放无线介质中的传输不确定性,采用间隔2型模糊逻辑控制器来估计信托。然后引入了基于密度的离群检测机制,以获取用于隔离群集头的自适应信任阈值。最后,提出了一种基于模糊的集群头选举方法,以在节能和安全保证之间达到平衡,以便具有更多残留能量或对其他节点置信度更高的正常传感器节点具有更高的概率,使其成为群集头。广泛的实验验证我们的安全聚类协议可以有效地捍卫网络免受内部恶意或受损节点的攻击。
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